HELLP Syndrome: What Pregnant Women Should Know

Some pregnancy complications share symptoms, which can make them difficult to recognise from the outside. HELLP syndrome is one of the conditions healthcare professionals consider when a pregnant or recently postpartum woman has concerning symptoms, especially upper abdominal pain or feeling very unwell.

What is it?

HELLP stands for haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count. In simple terms, it involves changes in red blood cells, liver function and blood clotting. It is often linked with pre-eclampsia, but it can sometimes be the first sign of a serious pregnancy complication.

Why it matters

HELLP syndrome can become dangerous for both mother and baby. Because symptoms can overlap with pre-eclampsia, indigestion, viral illness or other problems, symptoms alone cannot confirm HELLP. Assessment and blood tests are needed.

Warning signs

• Pain in the upper abdomen, especially on the right side
• Severe headache
• Vision changes
• Nausea or vomiting, especially when new or persistent later in pregnancy
• Feeling very unwell or unusually exhausted
• Shoulder pain or chest discomfort where relevant
• Easy bruising or bleeding where medically relevant

When to seek urgent medical care

What to tell your healthcare professional

• How many weeks pregnant you are or when you gave birth
• Where the pain is and whether it is worsening
• Any headache, vision change, nausea, vomiting or swelling
• Any high blood pressure or pre-eclampsia concerns in this or a previous pregnancy
• Any bleeding, bruising or reduced baby movements if pregnant

Questions you may want to ask

• Could these symptoms be related to pre-eclampsia or HELLP?
• Do I need blood tests to check my liver, platelets or kidneys?
• Do I need hospital assessment today?
• What symptoms should make me call emergency services?

Key takeaway

HELLP cannot be diagnosed by symptoms alone, but the symptoms that raise concern deserve urgent assessment.